Gold Nanoparticle Reprograms Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment and Inhibits Tumor Growth
†Department of Pathology, ⊥Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ∇Department of Surgery, and ○Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
§Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ∥Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and ◆Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
‡ Institute of Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York 10029, United States
# Department of Chemistry and University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
ACS Nano, Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02231
Publication Date (Web): October 19, 2016
Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
*E-mail: Priyabrata-Mukherjee@ouhsc.edu.
Abstract
Altered tumor microenvironment (TME) arising from a bidirectional crosstalk between the pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and the pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) is implicated in the dismal prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet effective strategies to disrupt the crosstalk is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) inhibit proliferation and migration of both PCCs and PSCs by disrupting the bidirectional communication via alteration of the cell secretome. Analyzing the key proteins identified from a functional network of AuNP-altered secretome in PCCs and PSCs, we demonstrate that AuNPs impair secretions of major hub node proteins in both cell types and transform activated PSCs toward a lipid-rich quiescent phenotype. By reducing activation of PSCs, AuNPs inhibit matrix deposition, enhance angiogenesis, and inhibit tumor growth in an orthotopic co-implantation model in vivo. Auto- and heteroregulations of secretory growth factors/cytokines are disrupted by AuNPs resulting in reprogramming of the TME. By utilizing a kinase dead mutant of IRE1-α, we demonstrate that AuNPs alter the cellular secretome through the ER-stress-regulated IRE1-dependent decay pathway (RIDD) and identify endostatin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 as putative RIDD targets. Thus, AuNPs could potentially be utilized as a tool to effectively interrogate bidirectional communications in the tumor microenvironment, reprogram it, and inhibit tumor growth by its therapeutic function.
Supporting Information
The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02231.
- Experimental details and data (PDF)
- Nodes and edges and the source of interactions used to derive networks (XLS)
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