2018年6月19日火曜日

Ni Catalyzed Amination Updates @ JACS


Article


C–N Cross-Coupling via Photoexcitation of Nickel–Amine Complexes

Abstract

Abstract Image

C–N cross-coupling is an important class of reactions with far-reaching impacts across chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine. Transition metal complexes can elegantly orchestrate diverse aminations but typically require demanding reaction conditions, precious metal catalysts, or oxygen-sensitive procedures. Here, we introduce a mild nickel-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling methodology that operates at room temperature using an inexpensive nickel source (NiBr2·3H2O), is oxygen tolerant, and proceeds through direct irradiation of the nickel–amine complex. This operationally robust process was employed for the synthesis of diverse C–N-coupled products (40 examples) by irradiating a solution containing an amine, an aryl halide, and a catalytic amount of NiBr2·3H2O with a commercially available 365 nm LED at room temperature without added photoredox catalyst and the amine substrate serving additional roles as the ligands and base. Density functional theory calculations and kinetic isotope effect experiments were performed to elucidate the observed C–N cross-coupling reactivity.

  • General information; Figures S1–S25 and Tables S1 and S2, detailing reaction development and optimization, photoreactor development, UV–visible spectroscopy, fluorimetry, kinetic isotope effect, computational details, and characterizations; NMR spectra; and coordinates of molecular structures (PDF)

 

 

 

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Article Views: 5,237 Times
Received 6 April 2018
Published online 22 May 2018
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Oxidative Transformation Updates: 2018


Uses of K2S2O8 in Metal-Catalyzed and Metal-Free Oxidative Transformations

Centre of Biomedical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
§ Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India

ACS Catal., 2018, 8 (6), pp 5085–5144

DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00743

Publication Date (Web): April 13, 2018

Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

*E-mail: jaideep.saha@cbmr.res.in., *E-mail: jlaha@niper.ac.in.

Cite this:ACS Catal.  865085-5144

Abstract

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Carbon–carbon/carbon–heteroatom bond formation via oxidative transformations is a heavily explored topic at the frontier of chemistry. Potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) has emerged as a cost-effective, suitable inorganic oxidant for a wide array of oxidative transformations, ranging from laboratory experiments to industrial processes. The current review provides a comprehensive coverage of oxidative transformations aided with K2S2O8 in the presence or absence of a transition-metal catalyst, critical assessment of the results, and underlying mechanisms. Organic chemists may find this review to be a useful guide for the expedient synthesis of new chemical entities, to formulate mechanistic manifolds involving the sulfate radical anion, or to design novel oxidative transformations. A detailed understanding of the unsolved mechanisms could further enrich the field.

Keywords:

C−H functionalizations; oxidative transformations; potassium persulfate; radical reactions; sulfate radical anion

 


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    Abstract: The merger of open- and closed-shell elementary organometallic steps has enabled the selective intermolecular addition of nucleophilic radicals to unactivated alkynes. A range of carboxylic acids can be subjected to a CO2 extrusion, nickel capture, ...

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Article Views: 1,365 Times
Received 22 February 2018
Published online 13 April 2018
Published in print 1 June 2018
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Mechanistic Ins ights into Curcumine Bioactivity


Mechanism of antiinflammatory actions of curcumine and boswellic acids

Abstract

Curcumine from Curcuma longa and the gum resin of Boswellia serrata, which were demonstrated to act as antiinflammatories in in vivo animal models, were studied in a set of in vitro experiments in order to elucidate the mechanism of their beneficial effects.

 

Curcumine inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase activity in rat peritoneal neutrophils as well as the 12-lipoxygenase and the cyclooxygenase activities in human platelets. In a cell free peroxidation system curcumine exerted strong antioxidative activity. Thus, its effects on the dioxygenases are probably due to its reducing capacity.

 

Boswellic acids were isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and identified as the active principles. Boswellic acids inhibited the leukotriene synthesis via 5-lipoxygenase, but did not affect the 12-lipoxygenase and the cyclooxygenase activities. Additionally, boswellic acids did not impair the peroxidation of arachidonic acid by iron and ascorbate. The data suggest that boswellic acids are specific, non-redox inhibitors of leukotriene synthesis either interacting directly with 5-lipoxygenase or blocking its translocation.

 

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Keywords

lipoxygenases

leukotrienes

cyclooxygenase

antioxidants

curcumine

boswellic acids